Kayaking free essay sample

The first time I went kayaking was in a very small pond at my friend’s neighbor’s house. I was nervous at first and then when it came time to leave, I didn’t want to get out. Since that time I have only gone kayaking once and that was on Black Creek in Churchville, New York. I have looked at many kayaks and equipment that goes with it. The one kayak that popped out at me the most is the EZG 42 wavesport. The place I would go kayaking is called Black River; it is near Watertown, New York. Kayaks come in different sizes and shapes, but there is one that won me over and that was the EZG 42 wavesport. The reason why I chose the EZG 42 wavesport kayak is because it used for white water and that is what I want to do. I just want to go and have a good time and feel good about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Kayaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The kayak I looked at can be bought used or new and I chose the used price which was $920. The size of the kayak is 6 feet and 6 inches in length which is a good fit for me so I can go down a rushing river. I also chose that kayak because I love the color of it and that it is comfortable at the same time. When you are going down a rushing river it is important to have kayak with you so you don’t go to the bottom of the river. Paddles are a good piece of equipment that you can have on you when you are in a kayak. The paddle that I chose to go along with the kayak is a Werner twist straight shaft paddle. The reason why I chose that paddle was because both ends do not line up which gives it a great power and responsiveness so I can actually paddle and steer faster. I chose this paddle because it is made out carbon fiber that makes it light and stronger. The shafts on the paddles will enhance the energy during each stroke you take. When the blades are smaller in diameter they can give a more powerful catch then longer blades do. The paddles are not just the thing that I needed so I could go on a trip down the river. The sprayskirt that I chose was the Adventure GTX 7. 0 because it is waterproof, so that there will not be any water going into the kayak. The sprayskirt deck will keep the water away, and preventing puddles from forming on it. The skirt also has a really good seal seam on it making it impossible to get water in the kayak. The sprayskirt I looked can also be adjustable to fit all sizes and it has a Velcro on the waist allowing it to be able to remove to become suspenders if necessary. The reason why I chose these models out of the rest was because they were the cheapest ones I could find and they don’t fall apart easily. The helmet and lifejacket are the most important pieces of equipment because they will save your life when you are in a river. The helmet and lifejacket that I chose are called the Shred Ready AHM Livery Helmet and the Extrasport Universal PFD. The reason why I chose those two was because they will help keep you safe if you go under in rushing water. The helmet will help protect your head from hitting something and getting knocked out. The reason why I chose those models was because the lifejacket will help you stay above water if you get knocked out of your kayak. One of these days I want to actually go white water kayaking with a bunch of people. Before I do go kayaking in a rushing river I want to get better and learn how to flip back over while under water. If I learn how to do that I am pretty sure I can go on any river. The most important thing I have learned was to have fun and learn how to flip a kayak back over while in it.

SAT Chemistry Subject Test Information

SAT Chemistry Subject Test Information    You dont have to be going into the chemistry field in college to take the SAT Chemistry Subject Test. If youre thinking about heading into pharmacology, medicine, engineering or biology, then this SAT Subject Test could show off your skills when others cant. Lets get into whats on this exam, shall we? Note: This test is not part of the SAT Reasoning Test, the popular college admissions exam. This is one of the many SAT Subject Tests, exams designed to showcase your particular talents in all sorts of fields. SAT Chemistry Subject Tests Basics Before you register for this test, here are the basics: 60 minutes85 multiple-choice questions200-800 points possibleA period table will be provided for you.Calculators are not permitted on the test, but are unnecessary anyway. SAT Chemistry Subject Test Content So, what will you need to know? Here are the number of questions and the types of content youll be looking at when you sit for the exam: Structure of Matter: Approximately 21-22 questions Atomic Structure: (experimental evidence of atomic structure, quantum numbers and energy levels, electron configurations, periodic trends)Molecular Structure: (Lewis structures, three-dimensional molecular shapes, polarity)Bonding: (ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, relationships of bonding to properties and structures; intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion (London) forces) States of Matter: Approximately 13 – 14 questions Gases: (kinetic molecular theory, gas law relationships, molar volumes, density, and stoichiometry)Liquids and Solids: (intermolecular forces in liquids and solids, types of solids, phase changes, and phase diagrams)Solutions: (molarity and percent by mass concentrations, solution preparation and stoichiometry, factors affecting solubility of solids, liquids, and gases, qualitative aspects of colligative properties) Reaction Types: Approximately 11 – 12 questions Acids and Bases: (Brà ¸nsted-Lowry theory, strong and weak acids and bases, pH, titrations, indicators)Oxidation-Reduction: (recognition of oxidation-reduction reactions, combustion, oxidation numbers, use of activity series)Precipitation: (basic solubility rules) Stoichiometry: Approximately 11 – 12 questions Mole Concept: (molar mass, Avogadro’s number, empirical and molecular formulas)Chemical Equations: (balancing of equations, stoichiometric calculations, percent yield, and limiting reactants) Equilibrium and Reaction Rates: Approximately 4 – 5 questions Equilibrium Systems: (LeChà ¢teliers principle in gaseous and aqueous systems, equilibrium constants, and equilibrium expressions)Rates of Reactions: (factors affecting reaction rates, potential energy diagrams, activation energies) Thermochemistry: Approximately 5 – 6 questions Conservation of energy, calorimetry and specific heats, enthalpy (heat) changes associated with phase changes and chemical reactions, heating and cooling curves, entropy Descriptive Chemistry: Approximately 10 – 11 questions Common elements, nomenclature of ions and compounds, periodic trends in chemical and physical properties of the elements, reactivity of elements and prediction of products of chemical reactions, examples of simple organic compounds and compounds of environmental concern Laboratory Knowledge: Approximately 6 – 7 questions Knowledge of laboratory equipment, measurements, procedures, observations, safety, calculations, data analysis, interpretation of graphical data, drawing conclusions from observations and data SAT Chemistry Subject Test Skills Recall of Facts: 17 Questions. Here, youll be tested on whether or not you remember a definition, can identify a term, or can otherwise shell out important chemistry knowledge. Application of Material: 39 Questions. This is where things get tougher. Can you apply the knowledge youve learned to solve chemistry problems? Can you apply the concepts of ratios and proportions to solve basic word problems without the use of your calculator? Synthesis of Material: 29 Questions. This skill is the toughest of the three. Here, youll need to be able to make assertions and create new ideas based on information presented. Why Take the SAT Chemistry Subject Test? Obviously, no one is going to take this test if it doesnt fit in with his or her major, unless youve really done poorly on the regular SAT Test and want to redeem yourself a bit by showing that you do have some brains in the old noggin. If you are majoring in a chemistry-related field like medicine, pharmacology, any of the sciences, then take it to show what you can do and emphasize the positive impact you can make on the program. Competition is fierce for some of these majors, so its great to put your best foot forward. Besides, it just may be a requirement for your program, so be sure to check with your admissions advisor before you blow this off. How to Prepare for the SAT Chemistry Subject Test The College Board recommends taking at least 1 year of a college-prep Chemistry course, along with having a year in Algebra (which everyone does) and some laboratory work. Personally, I recommend getting a test prep book for this bad boy and learning anything you didnt when you were distracted by all the beakers in high school Chemistry class. In addition, there are some free practice questions on the College Board site, along with the answers to show you where you may have tripped up. Sample SAT Chemistry Subject Test Question The hydrogen ion concentration of a solution prepared by diluting 50. mL of 0.10 M HNO3(aq) with water to 500. mL of solution is? (A) 0.0010 M(B) 0.0050 M(C) 0.010 M(D) 0.050 M(E) 1.0 M Answer: Choice (C) is correct. This is a question that concerns the concentration of a diluted solution. One way to solve the problem is through the use of ratios. In this question, a solution of nitric acid is diluted 10-fold; therefore, the concentration of the solution will decrease by a factor of 10, that is, from 0.100 molar to 0.010 molar. Alternatively, you could calculate the number of moles of H ions present and divide this value by 0.50 liter: (0.100 Ãâ€" 0.050)/0.5 M of the diluted solution. Good Luck!

The Effectiveness and Use of Sustainable Tourism in the World Dissertation

The Effectiveness and Use of Sustainable Tourism in the World - Dissertation Example Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that has grown from concern for the damage that traditional methods are causing to the environment. The concept was originally developed from sustainable development (Hunter, 1997).  Sustainable development is a contested field which has a wide range of definitions depending on the people that are advancing it. For example, a multinational corporation has a significantly different view of sustainable development than a group of environmental activists. One classic definition is growth that meets the requirements of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generations (Giddings et al., 2002 ). Sustainable tourism develops on this concept, with the aim of modifying current tourism and any new tourism so that it does not have a negative effect on the environment or any negative effect that it does have is significantly reduced (Bramwell and Lane, 1993).  Degrading the environment that plays host to the tourism event ually results in the decrease of the activity itself and as a consequence the associated profits. For tourism to continue in an area, it is important that the environment remains able to support the activities that are occurring (Butler, 2004). Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that has grown from concern for the damage that traditional methods are causing to the environment. The concept was originally developed from sustainable development (Hunter, 1997). Sustainable development is a contested field which has a wide range of definitions depending on the people that are advancing it. For example, a multinational corporation has a significantly different view of sustainable development than a group of environmental activists. One classic definition is growth that meets the requirements of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generations (Giddings et al., 2002). Sustainable tourism develops on this concept, with the aim of modifying current touris m and any new tourism so that it does not have a negative effect on the environment or any negative effect that it does have is significantly reduced (Bramwell and Lane, 1993). There is no unified definition of sustainable tourism, and some applications take into account purely ecological factors, will others also include economic, cultural or social factors. Sustainable tourism is important in both planning and management of areas where tourism is prevalent, especially where the environment plays a large role (Eagles et al., 2002). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), a specialized agency that is part of the United Nations has undertaken significant

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire - Research Paper Example 146 garment workers lost their lives and 71 people injured due to this disaster in which 23 were men employees and the rest 123 were the female employees. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory was located in Asch Building. This factory occupied the entire eighth, ninth and tenth floor of the Asch building. The fire took place due to burn of the garbage and wastages. Poor administration and management caused the death of several priceless lives. The employees in the ninth floor did not get any kind of notification or fire alarm right after the breakout of fire. However, the legacy of this disaster still continues as the citizens of United States of America still share their sadness in the memory of the victims. This particular disaster forced the government regulatory bodies to develop several legislations and policies for the organizations in order to ensure workplace health and safety of the employees. This essay will determine the impact of The Triangle Shirtwaist factory Fire on the emp loyers, employees, community, and industry and labor movement. Effect on Labor Movement It is true that this accident is considered as the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the United States of America. Several immigrants from Italy including both men and women were the major victims of this disaster. This accident had a strong legacy. One week after the disaster, the workers in the state planned to host a meeting regarding the inadequate workplace environment and lack of safety aspect in the factories and workplace. The citizens of United States of America and immigrants from different countries participated in the meeting to reform a labor movement in order to raise the voice against inadequate workplace health and safety aspect. People of all religious and cultural background started to host a merge or procession in the memory of victims to raise the voice against the business owners who do not think about the good health and safety of the workers. Few days, after t he meeting, near about 3, 50, 000 people participated in the funeral march for the victims who lost their lives due to the particular industrial disaster (English 1). It is true that employees or the labors are the major business growth drivers of an organization. It is the responsibility of the business owners tom ensure healthy and safe workplace environment. However, immigrants from other countries started to leave their jobs due to immense fear from the particular incident. In addition to this, the social environment in United States of America was not favorable for the immigrants and the citizens of lower income group. The economic environment of United States of America was not that much prosperous and developed. People of lower or lower-middle class income group had to face difficulty to lead a healthy and standard life style. These issues were developing for several years in the United States of America. But, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire ignited the flame among the p eople. They tried to oppose the inadequate industrial standards and organizational policies through protest merge. However, it was highly important and essential for these immigrants and deprived citizens to get united and oppose the developed policies. A strong labor movement took place across the States in protest of the brutal disaster which forced the government regulatory bodies, industrial regulatory bodies

Team motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Team motivation - Case Study Example For any organisation to be productive, it needs to motivate its employees towards its goals so that it achieves its business objectives. Motivation for the employees can be internal or external. While external motivation is an incentive provided by another person, internal motivation is offered by the environment and achievement of the task. But just as the individuals are unique, motives are unique as well. They are individualistic, they evolve with the times and change and are hierarchical as well. What works for one person may not work for another person. Therefore finding the right motivating factor is a challenge by itself. It is a continuous process. The various theories have tried to analyse how exactly motivation works, and have added a lot of research and valuable knowledge that can applied to a current situation to arrive at a solution that best suits the current needs under the operational constraints. There is no universal theory that can be applied to all the situations and offer a universal solution. Fredrick Herzberg tried to understand the factors associated with job satisfaction which motivated or demotivated people to perform a task. These factors, called Motivators, if present caused Job satisfaction. Motivators usually included nature of task, responsibility, promotion, recognition awards and a sense of achievement. The absence of these motivators signalled lack of satisfaction according to Herzberg. He also found that another set of factors, when absent, caused Job Dissatisfaction. However the presence of these factors did not cause Job Satisfaction. The presence of these factors called Hygiene Factors meant that the people were not dissatisfied, but neither were they satisfied. Hygiene factors included company policies, supervision, low rewards, substandard working conditions and poor relationship in the workplace. "Turning past de-motivators within your organization into future motivators for employees and aligning them to the objectives of the company will ensure both succeed". (Source:

Effect of Child Rearing Styles on Pro-Social Development

Effect of Child Rearing Styles on Pro-Social Development PROSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1 COMPARISON OF CHILD-REARING STYLES AND THE EFFECTS THEREOF ON PROSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT There are many factors that play a role in the development of prosocial behaviour in children. The two participants that I used are both mothers of 3 year old children. One of them is a stay at home mom with one child (a girl), and the other is a single mom, working full time, with two children (both boys), one of whom is autistic (the oldest child). An Authoritative parenting style is generally considered the most successful parenting style, and is associated with the development of prosocial behaviours. Research participant 1 scored higher than Research participant 2 on the Authoritative and Authoritarian scale, however, the child of Research Participant 2 scored higher on the prosocial scale. This difference could be due to several other factors, besides the parenting styles, including family situation and context. The child of Research participant 2 is the youngest of two boys, the older of which has severe autism. Due to the fact that his brother is ill, this little boy has learnt from an early age to care for others. He is very caring of his older brother, and helps his mother with him a lot. This has taught him to be caring towards others, and to consider their needs, as well as his own. This has flowed over into his interactions with other children and people he meets / socialises with. Parenting styles play in important role in the development of prosocial behaviour in children, and even though the child of Research participant 1 scored lower than the child of Research participant 2 on the prosocial scale, she is still a caring and loving little girl, who displays prosocial behaviour. There are however, many other factors that influence these behaviours in children. PART B INTRODUCTION Because of the importance of the consequences of aggression, criminality and immorality for society, not much importance was placed on prosocial development prior to 1970. Eisenberg and Fabes (1998) define prosocial behaviour as â€Å"voluntary behaviour intended to benefit another†. Prosocial acts include sharing, helping others and comforting others. There are many reasons why people act prosocially, but the subgroup of prosocial behaviours labelled as altruism is considered to be very important. Eisenberg Mussen (1989) define altruism as being â€Å"intrinsically motivated, voluntary behaviour intended to benefit another; acts motivated by internal motives such as concern for others, or by internalised values, goals and self-reward or the avoidance of punishment†. However, because it is difficult to determine whether altruism or a less noble motivation drives the behaviour, a broader focus needs to be taken. CULTURAL FACTORS It is evident from various research that environment plays a big role in the development of prosocial behaviour, and research on the cultural bases of prosocial responding provides insight into the role of the environment in the development of prosocial behaviour (Eisenberg Fabes, 1998). Anthropological literature and Psychological studies in non-Western cultures clearly indicate that societies vary greatly in the degree to which prosocial and cooperative behaviours are normative (Mead, 1935). These studies show that some cultures value prosocial behaviours while there are some cultures in which prosocial behaviour is rare and hostility and cruelty is the norm. It is difficult to make cross-cultural comparisons as there seems to be differences across cultures with respect to the degree to which children display prosocial behaviour. THE FAMILY Another influence in the development of prosocial behaviour in children is their parents. Children model their parents behaviour, so if the parents tend to display prosocial behaviour, the children will develop prosocial behaviour. Parental practices, beliefs, characteristics and emotional atmosphere at home plays a role in the development of prosocial behaviour. Staub (1992) found that prosocial behavioural development is enhanced by a connection to others, exposure to parental warmth, adult guidance and children’s participation in prosocial activites. In their study on the relationship between parenting styles, parental practices, sympathy on prosocial behaviours in adolescents, Gustavo et al. (2007) found strong evidence that parenting practices were closely related to prosocial behaviour. They did find however, that the associations occurred mostly through the indirect relations with sympathy. Dunsmore et al. (2009) conducted a study to determine whether a mothers expressive style and specific emotional responses to their children’s behaviour is linked to their children’s prosocial ratings. The results of their study show that the mothers positive and negative expressiveness is related to the child’s lower prosocial self-rating, and the mothers happiness about the child’s prosocial behaviour is associated with the child’s higher self-ratings for prosocial self-rating. CHILD’S INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS Eisenberg and Fabes (1998) believe that social cognition and prosocial behaviour should at least be modestly correlated, and this has been shown to be true in studies, as prosocial children are more sociable, well regulated, low impulsivity and are not shy or anxious. â€Å"Prosocial children are also able to communicate and resolve their own needs, feel guilt and remorse about wrongdoing, exercise self-control when tempted to do wrong, and feel compassion for others (Hoffman, 1970; Mischel, Shoda, and Rodriguez, 1989). Eisenberg and Fabes (1998) also believe that emotion plays a vital role in the development of prosocial values, motives and behaviours, with empathy-related emotions playing a larger role. There are various definitions of empathy, but Eisenberg and Fabes (1998) define empathy as an â€Å"affective response that stems from the apprehension / comprehension of another’s emotional state / condition, and that it is identical / very similar to what the other person is feeling / would be expected to feel†. Many theorists argue that some or all humans are born with an innate ability to feel / exhibit altruistic behaviour, thereby being biologically predisposed to experience empathy and develop prosocial behaviour, including smaller children. Many twin studies have been done to determine whether prosocial tendencies are inherited. Matthews et al. (1986) and Rushton et al. (1986) believed that if the correlation is higher for identical twins than for fraternal twins, then the difference can be attributed to heritability / genetics. Their study involved self-reported data from adults, and they found that 50% of the variance in the twin’s empathy, altruism and nurturance was accounted for by genetic factors. The other 50% difference was accounted for by differences in the twin’s environment. There are also studies that have been done on the neurophysiological underpinnings of prosocial behaviour. Panskepp (1986) believes that the nurturant dictates of brain systems that mediate social bonding and maternal care is what leads to mammalian helping behaviour. Maclean (1985) believes that the limbic system is responsible for maternal behaviour, affiliation and play, which in turn forms the basis for altruism. During the second year the prefrontal functions increase, which enables the child to identify which feelings are his / hers or which feelings belong to someone else. Researchers propose that (based on Keller’s 2007 model of culturally informed development pathways), depending on the socio-cultural context, toddlers may follow different pathways to the same development outcome, for example, prosocial development. In their study using longitudinal genetic analysis, Knafo Plomin (2006) found that genetics account for change and continuity in prosocial behaviour. Clark Ladd (2000) found that prosocial children are relatively well-adjusted and have better peer relationships than children low in prosocial behaviour. CONCLUSION Prosocial development in children is a complex multidimensional issue. Many factors play a role in the development of prosocial behaviours, and emphasis should not be placed on a single factor to the exclusion of others. Culture, family and genetics are but some of the factors or environments that influence the development of empathy, which in turn aids in the development of prosocial behaviour. All these factors should be considered together when determining what plays a role in prosocial development.

Internet and Cultural and Historical Diversity of Style in Composition

Internet and Cultural and Historical Diversity of Style in Composition The technological revolution of the late twentieth century has arguably caused some of the greatest changes in the global society. Few realize the full effects of the computer age. The Internet in particular has brought the corners of the world closer together. Even in the most remote areas of the globe, such as Katmandu, one can see an advertisement for e-mail (Stefik 235). One might begin to wonder what the social consequences of this pervasiveness are. The Internet brings many diverse groups of people together to participate in many aspects of life from trade to conversations. Some might wonder if these interactions might lead to an end of diversity. In chatrooms and instant messages, the push towards uniformity in style is undeniable. However, this change is far from limited to these small areas of the Internet. In order to evaluate the Internet’s effect on the culture of today, it is first important to define the composition of world today, in particular those that use the Internet. Upon thorough examination of the world today, one will come to a striking realization: American culture has infiltrated even the most remote areas of the world and created a global monoculture. American culture can be best defined as a pure lack of culture; it assimilates any other cultures it encounters and makes it secular. This fact makes it ideal to be the global monoculture. Furthermore, this dominance has led to an end of cultural diversity. The Internet, like television and film, is merely another vessel for the spread of Americanism. Rather quickly it becomes difficult to determine which medium directly affected particular changes in style, making it imposs... ...d> AOL Instant Messenger Interview. 23 Apr 2002. Etree.org | Main. Etree.org. 21 Apr 2002. < http://etree.org/faq_quick.html> Keniston, Kenneth. â€Å"Cultural Diversity or Global Monoculture.† Understanding the Impact of Global Networks on Local Social, Political and Cultural Values. Eds. Christoph Engel and Kenneth H. Keller. Munich: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft Baden-Baden, 1999. 131-140. McDonald’s – Countries. McDonalds Corporation. 24 Apr 2002. MTV: Music Television. MTV Networks. 24 Apr 2002. Reuters | Breaking News from Around the Globe. Reuters. 22 Apr 2002. Stefik, Mark. The Internet Edge. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999. Internet and Cultural and Historical Diversity of Style in Composition Internet and Cultural and Historical Diversity of Style in Composition The technological revolution of the late twentieth century has arguably caused some of the greatest changes in the global society. Few realize the full effects of the computer age. The Internet in particular has brought the corners of the world closer together. Even in the most remote areas of the globe, such as Katmandu, one can see an advertisement for e-mail (Stefik 235). One might begin to wonder what the social consequences of this pervasiveness are. The Internet brings many diverse groups of people together to participate in many aspects of life from trade to conversations. Some might wonder if these interactions might lead to an end of diversity. In chatrooms and instant messages, the push towards uniformity in style is undeniable. However, this change is far from limited to these small areas of the Internet. In order to evaluate the Internet’s effect on the culture of today, it is first important to define the composition of world today, in particular those that use the Internet. Upon thorough examination of the world today, one will come to a striking realization: American culture has infiltrated even the most remote areas of the world and created a global monoculture. American culture can be best defined as a pure lack of culture; it assimilates any other cultures it encounters and makes it secular. This fact makes it ideal to be the global monoculture. Furthermore, this dominance has led to an end of cultural diversity. The Internet, like television and film, is merely another vessel for the spread of Americanism. Rather quickly it becomes difficult to determine which medium directly affected particular changes in style, making it imposs... ...d> AOL Instant Messenger Interview. 23 Apr 2002. Etree.org | Main. Etree.org. 21 Apr 2002. < http://etree.org/faq_quick.html> Keniston, Kenneth. â€Å"Cultural Diversity or Global Monoculture.† Understanding the Impact of Global Networks on Local Social, Political and Cultural Values. Eds. Christoph Engel and Kenneth H. Keller. Munich: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft Baden-Baden, 1999. 131-140. McDonald’s – Countries. McDonalds Corporation. 24 Apr 2002. MTV: Music Television. MTV Networks. 24 Apr 2002. Reuters | Breaking News from Around the Globe. Reuters. 22 Apr 2002. Stefik, Mark. The Internet Edge. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.

Business Statistical Analysis Scenario Essay

A GMC manager recently noticed that there is a production difference between the early shift and the late shift. The manager would like to determine why there is a difference in production between the shifts and asked for research on the issue. The research team came up with the following research question: Is there a reason for the different production levels between the day and evening shifts. Our team has come up with the following two null hypotheses: H0 – There is a significant difference in employee productivity between shifts due to worker age. Ha – There is no significant difference in employee productivity between shifts due to worker age. In order to accomplish this, we need to find the average number of errors along with the standard deviation. By doing so, we can set up a confidence interval to see if the late shift is truly doing better when it comes to quality. If they are, we can make the nomination that the manager has the late shift supervisors provide guidance to the early shift supervisors. There are various statistical reports that outsource the relationship between the independent variable(s) and the dependent variable. Here we will realize how GMC will translate the organization problem into a statistical problem, provide a solution to the problem statistically, and then translate the statistical solution into an actionable solution for the company. Literature Review General Motors realized that to stay competitive a number of changes would have to be made starting with production efforts. Based on economic  uncertainty and gas price volatility, adjustments were made to accommodate the needs of the population interested in purchasing vehicles during times of uncertainty. After the fall of the three leading automotive giants, coming back would have to be well thought-out and cost beneficial to the consumer. GM got to work. Production in most plants was one shift, Monday – Friday, 8 hours per-day. At one facility adding a third shift let the plant produce more than 26,000 vehicles within three months, more than it had previously done when it produce 20,000 vehicles. Before incorporating a third shift the plant had approximately 3,300 workers who averaged fewer than 14,000 vehicles per month (Funk, 2011). In another plant that focused on the production of only one vehicle, this plant employed eight hundred production workers who were a one- shift, eight hour Monday-Friday production facility. Another GM plant that makes the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, GMC Yukon and Cadillac Escalade add a third shift and 800 new jobs was created, the assembly plant employed approximately 2,500 hourly and salaried employees and operates two production shifts. In 2011, the plant produced nearly 270,000 vehicles. â€Å"Demand for full-size SUVs remains stable.† The third shift enable the Assembly plant to meet market demand for the current generation of full-size SUVs and provide relief for employees who have worked extensive overtime since the fourth quarter of 2009. The installation of new tooling and equipment required to build GM’s new line of SUVs limited vehicle production in 2013. A third shift will provide the plant needed production capacity during this transition time (Funk, 2012). There was a time when working a straight day-shift was enough to meet the production demands for General Motors products, however with the versatility and the types of vehicle’s being produced third shift help to meet and exceed demand and provide relief for employees working extensive overtime. Many years, companies have pursued to advance worker output and labor settings. One approach is substitute toil schedules, which comprise flextime, work division, and a compacted workweek. Sleep-related aids are mainly supportive for the salaried period; insufficient sums of nap reduce work output and general well-being. Statistics shows consistent amounts of sleep Improved performance and alertness in the workplace. Therefore, we propose creating work-sleep equilibrium, comparable to work-life stability, as a standard for planning and refining work plans. Prolonging operational times outside nine periods per day did not effect in equal growths in GMC manufacturing. Production increased as working hours increased. According to the survey 1977 Quality of Employment, the impact of unusual toil plans on workers’ personal time has resulted with: Fewer periods in household parts.  Advanced plans of particular forms of struggle among family life besides work. One of the amendments is the decision by GMC to implement twelve-hour work days for all Union employees. This decision did not do well with the Union because most were used to working 8-hour days with weekends off. GMC decision is based on new lines and the demand to cope up with production forecasts. This forecast demands the organization to switch to a 24/7 hour operation. Union employees disagree, as they have a feeling that working 12-hour days will lower their morale. They view the alternative schedule as time that they will be missing from their family. While there has been deep research on the subject of scheduled overtime on the productivity of construction labor, there is little research available that looks at the efficiency, or lack of efficiency that is associated with work accomplished on the second shift. In 2008, Hanna, Chang, Sullivan and Lackey in the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, looked at why and how shift work impacts worker productivity, and they attempted to find a relationship between the length of shift work and resulting efficiency. Their objective was to quantify the effects of shift work on labor productivity. Their results showed the potential of shift work can be both beneficial and detrimental to productivity. Small amounts of well-organized shift work can perform very effectively in response to schedule compression (p.203), but the study also showed that prolonged use of a second shift can lead to a negative impact on efficiency and productivity. The author addresses the attitudes of workers as it relates to the question of productivity of the employee’s in the U.S. automobile industry. Norsworthy and Zabala (1985), attempt to explain the effect on direct labor efficiency (a measure of labor productivity) and product quality of industrial relations performance, as measured by grievances, disciplinary actions, absenteeism, contract demands, negotiations length, and the climate of industrial relations. Their finding state grievance rates are associated with low productivity of production workers which results in high unit costs of production. The study also â€Å"offers strong exhibit that the benefit of improving workers behavior can be enormous† (p.557). The line between labors policies and workers can lead to improved worker attitudes and a rise of productivity. Shift work is the way of life for those who work within the manufacturing industry. Depending on what type of schedule workers on required to be on can have an effect on employee risk or costs to the company. In a report done by Circadian, who specialize in workforce solutions, having those that will be doing the labor work for that manufacturer involved in the decision making with respect to what type shift schedule they are on can go a long ways in having happier, more productive workforce. A resounding message throughout the reports was that one of mostly commonly seen things that affect such things as errors during particular shifts was fatigue. Research methodology Efficiency is an integral requirement in the workplace as it encompasses proper input, output, and high returns for the company (Anderson, 2013). An analysis conducted at GMC, a manufacturing firm, has revealed some inconsistency in the levels of productivity resulting from the activities of its workforce. The early shift workers or employees have posted better output and results more than the late shifts. Two main hypotheses have been supplemented to explain this anomaly. First, the disparity has been linked to machine failure but this has been ruled out due to the routine upgrades and checks, which are usually done on the machines. Secondly, employees in the late night shift may be under-performing as they are making a higher quality product, which takes more time. Management believes there are discrepancies in the quality and quantity of work being produced. Our team was brought in to conduct data analysis to solve and/or assist with the decisions to be made. After listening to their concern the following two variables were developed: Population and Size Collectively, the early and late night shift is composed of 385 employees with twenty in each shift. The population selected for this research activity will be the members of the workforce involved in the early and late night shifts of the company. Target Population and Justification The target populations are the employees who are involved in both the late and early shifts. Their involvement in the research process is based on the fact that they are involved in the activity or area where a problem has been identified in GMC. The equal representation of the employees in the research’s sample size is meant to ensure uniformity in the findings and the recommendations channeled or communicated to the company’s management (Anderson, 2013). Sampling Method The sampling will be conducted through observation and a survey actualized through the administration of a 5-question questionnaire. One research officer will be expected to carefully observe the activities of workers who are part of the early shift while another one will observe the same number of employees in the late night shift. The observation process will be conducted randomly over a 2-week period, with emphasis on the motivation levels of the employees, their input and subsequent output. To supplement the observation process, questionnaires will then be given to employees involved in the analysis process. The questionnaire will contain 5 questions which are listed below: 1. Age: 20-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 >55 2. Sex: F M 3. How many years have you worked nights? 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 >20 4. Do you feel management is available to assist with your needs? Yes No 5. Are all the tools and supplies necessary for your jobs accessible? Yes No The two sampling techniques will be pivotal in establishing the problems, which are leading or contributing to the company’s low levels of productivity. Random Sampling Technique used and Justification The research will use the simple random sampling technique to obtain people who are supposed to be involved in the study. The rationale behind using the random sampling method is the fact that it gives all the members of the population an equal opportunity to be involved in the research process. The use of this random sampling technique leads to the elimination of bias in the research process thus enhancing the credibility and integrity of the study’s findings and subsequent recommendations (Oliver, 2010). Protection of Human Subjects The 384 employees involved in the research or study process will be protected by ensuring the anonymity of their responses, comments, and conduct on the company’s premises. Where necessary, alphabetical numbers will be assigned to the various subjects involved in the research process. This will prevent any cases of victimization or witch-hunt, which may result from the remarks communicated by the employees. Data Collection As mentioned earlier, the data will be collected through the observation and survey methods. The survey will be conducted using a 5-question questionnaire as shown above. Data or information collected from the analysis process will be recorded into the soft copy format and then stored in the researchers’ Drop Box account. This is an online information storage service, which is preferred for its top-notch security measures (May, 2011). The secure storage of the data will make certain that it cannot be tampered with to influence the recommendations that are meant to be obtained from the findings. According to Anderson (2013), password protection where cloud or online storage is involved is integral, Drop Box provides this option to all its users. Only authorized individuals will be allowed or able to access the data stored in this online service. Challenges Faced It was difficult and time consuming to reach all the selected employees as some ware available only during night shift. The researchers had to work at night. Descriptive Statistics Interpretation Employees Early and Late Shift 384 employees from the early and late shift were randomly selected. The sample size was 192 employees being selected from each shift. Random sampling was conducted to afford all of the 384 employees an opportunity of being selected and to eliminate bias. Their ages ranged between 20 and 55 years, with variations of plus or minus 19 years. One half or more of the employees were 37.5 years of age or older. The middle half of those selected fell between 28 and 47 years. The most frequent age was 37 years. Their ages were considered to help gage motivation, maturity, and productivity of the employees on both shifts. Interpretation of the results Employees with the least experience (0-5 years) work night shift with those with much experience work (over 20 years) day shift. From the results it’s clear that experience is not affecting productivity. Notably, employees with working experience of 11-15 years’ work day shift. This implies that most night shift workers are youth while those for day shift are aged. This is supported by the number of years night shift employees have spent in the company (Less than 5). Results and Findings Age Almost seventy-eight percent of the workers were between the ages of 26-45. 15.8% were between 20-25, 36.4% were from 26-35, 31.2% were from 36-45, 14% were from 46-55 and only 2.6% were over 55 years of age. Sex Just over twenty-five percent (25.2%) of workers sampled were women and the remaining 74.8% were men. We did not tie worker gender to which shift the worker was employed. Years of Experience The majority of workers selected had either less than 5 years of experience (36.4%) or between 11-15 years of experience (28.6%). Of the 140 workers with less than 5 years of experience, 30% worked day shift and 70% worked night shift. Of the 110 with 11-15 years of experience, 70% worked day shift and 30% worked night shift. See Appendix B for further details. Management Availability and Resources Almost ninety percent (89.9) of workers sampled felt that management was available to assist with any problems and 80% felt they had the required tools to perform their job successfully. Conclusion Team B’s research was not able to show a specific correlation to productivity based on age. There is however, a difference in productivity between the two shifts. Our research appears to show that the day shift, with a larger percentage (65.1%) is more productive and that the decrease in production at night could be related to less experience. Recommendations The management should mix the young employees with the aging ones in both the day and night shift. This does not necessarily need to be a permanent change in shifts but by moving some of the more experienced workers around they can aid in the mentorship of the lesser experienced workers. Doing this can speed the development of those with less experience in order to strengthen the respective shift if management decides alter the shifting in the future when significant ground has been made with evening out the productivity of both shifts. Area for further study Further study should be done to tie and evaluate the impact of age on productivity. Management could also look at better working conditions as an indicator of productivity. Lastly, look age and experience of the employees across the two shifts and how to better mix the levels of both. References Anderson, N. G. (2013). Practical Process Research & Development (Revised ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. Basu, C. (n.d.). Examples of independent variables in business. . Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://www.scribd.com/doc/141597585/Scienc Boudreau, N. S., & McClave, J. T. (2011). Student’s Solutions Manual, Statistics for Business, 11th edition, Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Davis, W., & Aguirre, A. (2009). Shift Scheduling and Employee Involvement: The Key to Successful Schedules. Retrieved August 7, 2014. Lankford, W. M. (1998, June 21). Changing Schedules: A Case for Alternative Schedules of Work. Career Development international, 3.4, 161-163. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from Miller Library. May, T. (2011). Social Research Issues, Methods and Process (4th ed.). Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill, Open University Press. Oliver, P. (2010). Understanding the Research Process. Los Angeles: SAGE. Staines, G. L., & Pleck, J. H. (1984). Nonstandard Work Schedules and Family Life. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 515-523. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.515. Takahashi, M. (2012, March 13). Prioritizing Sleep for Healthy Work Schedules. Physiological Anthropology. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from Miller Library. Taylor, E. (n.d.). Dependent and independent variables Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://de.cyclopaedia.net/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables. Hanna, A.S., Chang, C., Sullivan, K.T. and Lackney, J. A. (2008, March). Impact of Shift Work on Labor Productivity Contractor. Journal of Construction Management, 134(3), 197-204. Norsworthy, J. and Zabala, C. (1985). Worker Attitudes, Worker Behavior, and Productivity in The U.S. Automobile Industry, 1959-1976. Industrial & La bor Relations Review, 38(4), 544-557. Robert Schoenenberger, 2011, General Motors Sets Overtime Shift for Lordstown to Meet Growing Chevrolet Cruze demand. Retrieved from http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2011/08/general_motors_sets_overtime_s.html GM News. 2012, GM to Add Third Shift, 800 Jobs at Arlington Assembly, http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Jun/0622_arlington.html

Goals After Graduation †Essay Essay

When I found out I was going to be a mother for the first time I had feelings wash over me that I never knew you could feel all at once. Some feelings I suddenly felt I didn’t even know existed until that very moment. Sitting there thinking about having a life inside me to care for and love, yet at the same time thinking I am to young, not ready, under educated, and just plain scared to death. All I knew is I wanted nothing more than to have a child that I have waited for, for so long. While I was expecting I had such dreams of what that blessed event would be like, could be like. I was very guilty of setting my expectations too high for something I knew absolutely nothing about. Being a first time mother who had read every conceivable magazine, book, and internet web site on the subject of giving birth I considered myself to be an expert. It was about the same time as the first labor pains started that I forgot everything I had ever read in my entire life; not just everything I had ever read about giving birth. During the lulls between the hours of labor pains I would still imagine what my child would be like. At that very moment when I went into labor (August 4, 1995) with my daughter Kaitylyn, all that seemed unimportant. The only thing that matter was seeing my daughter and holding her for the very first time! I first saw her face while I was delivering her and I remember her little lip quivering right before she cried her first cry. At that very moment I felt a peace with her and I wash over me and all I wanted was to take my daughter and hold her forever. When they took and placed my daughter in my arms I could not speak nor could I do anything, but look into that little face and be amazed at the miracle lying in my arms. Then the feelings started washing over me all at once fast and fleetingly. First came love which never went away and I know never will! After came fear which, was quickly replaced by determination. Determination that I would make the best life for her that I could. Then came joy! Joy that my little girl had all ten toes and fingers and was doing great. Then came overwhelming feelings that even now I can’t find the one term to categorize them in. Feelings of pure wonderment, pride, and motherly love are the only way I can ever explain. Looking into those little brown eyes knowing we  would be just fine that life had just begun, for not just her, but also for me. I was a mother and her life depended on mine. I was unafraid. I knew deep in my heart this child was a fresh start in life and that I was strong enough, determined enough to make sure we could take on life. Now sixteen years later I know that becoming a mother for the first time can be the hardest thing in the world. Now at thirty eight years old I have three children and it is clear to me that not all the feelings of becoming a mother for the first time go away after the first time! I still have feelings that I had then like fear, hope, and yes the second guessing my choices. However, seeing the young adult my daughter has become lets me know WE WOULD BE FINE!

Chemical or Molecular Formula for Glucose

Chemical or Molecular Formula for Glucose The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6 or H-(CO)-(CHOH)5-H. Its empirical or simplest formula is CH2O, which indicates there are two hydrogen atoms for each carbon and oxygen atom in the molecule. Glucose is the sugar that is produced by plants during photosynthesis and that circulates in the blood of people and other animals as an energy source. Glucose is also known as dextrose, blood sugar, corn sugar, grape sugar,  or by its IUPAC systematic name  (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal. Key Glucose Facts The name glucose comes from the French and Greek words for sweet, in reference to must, which is the sweet first press of grapes when they are used to make wine. The -ose ending in glucose indicates the molecule is a carbohydrate.Because glucose has 6 carbon atoms, it is classified as a hexose. Specifically, it is an example of an aldohexose. It is a type of monosaccharide or simple sugar. It may be found in either linear form or cyclic form (most common).The hydrogen and -OH groups are able to rotate around the carbon atoms in glucose, leading to isomerization. The D-isomer, D-glucose, is found in nature and is used for cellular respiration in plants and animals. The L-isomer, L-glucose, is not common in nature, although it may be prepared in a lab.Pure glucose is a white or crystalline powder with a molar mass of 180.16 grams per mole and density of 1.54 grams per cubic centimeter. The melting point of the solid depends on whether it is in the alpha or beta conformation.  The mel ting point of  ÃŽ ±-D-glucose is  146  Ã‚ °C (295  Ã‚ °F; 419  K). The melting point of  ÃŽ ²-D-glucose is  150  Ã‚ °C (302  °F; 423 K). Why do organisms use glucose for respiration and fermentation rather than another carbohydrate? The reason is probably that glucose is less likely to react with the amine groups of proteins. The reaction between carbohydrates and proteins, called glycation, is a natural part of aging and consequence of some diseases (e.g., diabetes) that impairs the functioning of proteins. In contrast, glucose may be enzymatically added to proteins and lipids via the process of glycosylation, which forms active glycolipids and glycoproteins.In the human body, glucose supplies about 3.75 kilocalories of energy per gram. It is metabolized into carbon dioxide and water, producing energy in chemical form as ATP. While its needed for many functions, glucose is particularly important because it supplies nearly all the energy for the human brain.Glucose has the most stable cyclic form of all the aldohexoses because nearly all of its hydroxy group (-OH) are in the equatorial position. The exception is the h ydroxy group on the anomeric carbon. Glucose is soluble in water, where it forms a colorless solution. It also dissolves in acetic acid, but only slightly in alcohol.The glucose molecule was first isolated in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas Marggraf, who obtained it from raisins. Emil Fischer investigated the structure and properties of the molecule, earning the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work.

A comparison and contrast between American and European art Essay

A comparison and contrast between American and European art - Essay Example Allentown Art Museum displays artistic creations from all over the world. The two paintings that caught my attention are "Madonna and child enthroned" by Jacopo Del Casentino and "Mr. Darlington's Still Life" by George Cope."Madonna and child enthroned" is the only known work officially signed by Jacopo Del Casentino. The miniaturist piece was restored in 1992, and has since caused dispute about the date of the artist's work. Some historians date the painting around 1340, whereas recently it has been pushed back to 1325 by historian Miklos Boskovits. Casentino's Madonna and Child Enthroned is featured at the center panel of a miniature tabernacle triptych, which in total measures approximately 39 x 42 inches. Mary and Jesus are surrounded by four angels, as well as Saint Bernard and Saint John the Baptist. This panel measures 18 x 9 inches, and the texture is tempera on poplar wood. The painting both represents Gothic traits and traits that focus on humanism. The hierarchy of the fig ures in the paintings expresses religious symbolism - Mary and Jesus are above all else. Certain other qualities recall the Gothic style that was most often seen in Cimabue and Duccio's paintings. For instance, the Madonna appears larger than anything else in the triptych. Also, the divine halos surrounding the figures and the gold background of the painting are both indicative of the Gothic style. On the other hand, certain characteristics like Mary's protruding knees, drapery, and the symmetry and realistic features of the angels lend themselves to Casentino's interest in humanism. This piece is also reminiscent of Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece without the humanistic symbolism. The similarity is that Casentino's could act as an altarpiece - the triptych fashioning portrays a continuous narrative where the baby Jesus and the crucified Jesus are shown in the collective piece. Mary also appears twice - once on the throne in the center panel, and then again on the right panel at t he crucifixion, both times wearing the same drapery and red cloth shirt. The background behind the throne as well as in the other panels is very decorative and Gothic. The presence of Saint Bernard and Saint John the Baptist as well as the angels around the throne shows the significance of the enthroned Madonna and Child. The saints are drawn with prayer books in hand, and looking up at Mary and Jesus as the vantage point - the perspective draws to Jesus and the center of Mary's head. (http://yelenasarsblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/jacopo-del-casentinos-madonna-and-child.html) Jacopo del Casentino, also known as Jacopo Landino, was a Florentine painter and miniaturist who lived during the fourteenth century. He was also one of the founders of the Academy of Saint Luke at Florence in 1349, which acted as a guild for painters and miniaturists like himself. Casentino specialized in small devotional altars commissioned for private worship. Along with artists such as Bernardo Daddi, Casentino helped popularize these altars throughout Italy. As with many of his contemporaries, he was influenced by the early master, Giotto (1267 - 1337), who Daddi was an apprentice of. Both Casentino and Daddi showed an influence from the Sienese style of painting in their works. It is noted that Casentino may have been in Giotto's workshop and was a pupil of another Giotto follower, Taddeo Gaddi (1300 - 1366). It has been mentioned that the later Gothic style Casentino painted in was also influenced by the Sienese painters Pietro Lorenzetti (1280 - 1348) and his brother Ambrogio (1290 - 1348). (http://yelenasarsblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/jacopo-del-casentinos-madonna-and-child.html) (http://www.virtualuffizi.com/biography/Jacopo-del-Casentino.htm) George Cope (1855-1929) was an artist who stayed close to home. He began his career painting the lush Brandywine River Valley landscape in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and its wildlife and architecture. He later explored realism in highly detailed

Borjomi Mineral Water Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Borjomi Mineral Water - Research Paper Example Borjomi mineral water is a famous brand of naturally found mineral water in Central Georgia. Borjomi water is manufactured by IDS Borjomi Georgia, which is a part of the IDS Borjomi International. The carbonated mineral water is extracted from the springs of Borjomi Gorge, a resort town. Mineral water is the largest export industry of Georgia and Borjomi is the leading brand in this industry. IDS Borjomi is internationally recognized for their high-quality water products such as â€Å"Likani†, Bakuriani†, â€Å"Borjomi Springs† and â€Å"Borjomi†. The brand exports their products to more than thirty nations worldwide. IDS Borjomi is the largest mineral water manufacturing company amongst the Baltic and the CIS states. IDS Borjomi operated on the basis of four main principles. These are essential; indulging in continuous expansion, diversifying market and introduction of new products and conducting aggressive market campaigns. IDS Borjomi Georgia  is seen to conduct business on contractual as well as the corporate basis with Bottling Plant N1 and Bottling Plant N2. The company holds the license for extraction of water from the naturally existing springs of Borjomi Gorge. For doing so the company has its own extraction machines and infrastructural facilities. Broadly the company exports their products to various nations in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Switzerland supply chain of Borjomi is managed by the IDS Group itself. The representing firm of the company in Switzerland is Mounted Martigny. The current business plan analyses the prospects of exporting Borjomi to Switzerland. The objective of the paper is to analyze the mineral water industry and target market condition existing in Switzerland so that an efficient export and distribution channel can be set up in the nation for Borjomi.